Can i put electric guitar strings on an acoustic?

I bought a 3/4 sized acoustic guitar in a thrift store the other day and i installed a set of "light" acoustic strings on it. I didn't realize that they were .12 gauge strings. now whenever i play it my fingers hurt like a mother and i am not comfortable playing it at all. I am already used to using .10 gauge strings on my strat so i was wondering if i could put a set of ernie ball regular slinkys on the guitar. what are the pros and cons of having the electric stings on the acoustic?